As the earth's resources become increasingly scarce, the investment cost of basic energy is increasing, and various safety and pollution hazards are everywhere. Solar energy as a kind of "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" safe and environmentally friendly new energy is becoming more and more valued. At the same time, with the development and progress of solar photovoltaic technology, solar power generation has developed by leaps and bounds in the field of street lighting.
What is Solar Street Light?
solar street lights are powered by crystalline silicon solar cells, batteries store electrical energy, super bright LEDs are used as light sources, and are controlled by intelligent charge and discharge controllers, which are used to replace traditional public power lighting street lights.
The main components of solar street lights: solar panels, batteries, controllers, light sources, poles.
What is the working principle of solar street lights?
During the day: the Solar Panel absorbs the solar spectrum to generate electric energy, and is controlled and converted by the controller to store the electric power generated by the solar panel in the battery. At night: The electric energy in the battery is converted by the controller to drive the LED light source to emit light.
Solar street lights are composed of solar panels, batteries, controllers, light sources, light poles, etc. Next, I will introduce the core components of solar street lights.
Main composition-solar panel
Solar panels-also known as "solar chips" or "photovoltaic cells" and "solar cells" are photoelectric semiconductor sheets that use sunlight to directly generate electricity. Solar cells are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon solar cells that work with the photoelectric effect are the mainstream. Sunlight shines on the semiconductor p-n junction to form new hole-electron pairs. Under the action of the electric field of the p-n junction, holes flow from the n zone to the p zone, and electrons flow from the p zone to the n zone, and the circuit is turned on to form a current.
Solar cell classification: monocrystalline silicon cell, polycrystalline silicon cell, amorphous silicon cell, thin film cell
Main components-battery
Store electrical energy as chemical energy, and convert chemical energy to electrical energy again when it needs to be discharged. This type of battery is called a storage battery.
Generally, there are lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, Ni-H batteries, and lithium batteries. The selection of battery capacity generally follows the following principles: First, on the premise that it can meet the lighting at night, store the energy of the solar cell components during the day as much as possible, and at the same time, it must be able to store the electrical energy that can meet the lighting needs of continuous rainy days at night. The battery capacity is too small to meet the needs of night lighting, the battery is too large, the battery energy can not be used up, resulting in waste. The battery should match the solar battery and the electric load (street lamp). A simple method can be used to determine the relationship between them. The battery capacity is required to meet the total energy consumption in rainy and cloudy days, and the power of the solar panel meets the requirements for the battery to be fully charged under the effective daylight conditions.
Main components-photovoltaic controller
Photovoltaic controller: an automatic control device that controls the solar panel to charge the battery and the battery to supply power to the load. Regardless of the size of the Solar Street Lamp, a charge-discharge controller with good performance is indispensable. In order to extend the service life of the battery, its charging and discharging conditions must be restricted to prevent the battery from overcharging and deep discharge. In places with large temperature differences, a qualified controller should also have temperature compensation.
Features of photovoltaic controller:
1. Perfect protection function: over temperature, reverse connection, short circuit, over current, over charge/discharge, etc.
2. Power adjustment: automatically adjust the discharge power according to the daily charge
3. Historical data: can read historical data of 7 days of work
4. Status indication: indicate the current working status
5. Maximum efficiency tracking of solar panels
Main composition-LED light source
LED (Light Emitting Diode), a light-emitting diode, is a solid-state semiconductor device. The carriers in the semiconductor recombine and cause photon reflection to generate light. It has the advantages of high brightness, energy consumption, long life, fast start-up, low power, no flicker, and less visual fatigue.
Features of LED lamp beads:
1. Small size, LED is basically a small chip encapsulated in epoxy resin, so it is very small and light.
2. Long service life, the theoretical service life is 100,000 hours, and the actual service life reaches more than 50,000 hours.
3. Environmental protection, LED materials are made of environmentally friendly materials, and do not contain polluting and toxic substances.
4. Energy saving. Compared with ordinary incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps with the same power, the power of LED lamps is only 1/6 of that of incandescent lamps and 1/2 of that of fluorescent lamps.
Light pole
The height of the light pole should be determined according to the width of the road, the distance between lamps, and the illuminance standard of the road. It can be equipped with distinctive lamp poles according to local characteristics, so that the lamp pole has both beautiful and energy-saving characteristics.
As the earth's resources become increasingly scarce, the investment cost of basic energy is increasing, and various safety and pollution hazards are everywhere. Solar energy as a kind of "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" safe and environmentally friendly new energy is becoming more and more valued. At the same time, with the development and progress of solar photovoltaic technology, solar power generation has developed by leaps and bounds in the field of street lighting. 
